A mais nova newsletter da Creativante, intitulada “Human Computation (Computação Humana)”, já está no ar, e você pode acessá-la aqui, ou aqui, no formato pdf!
Boa leitura!
Viram estes números do ensino superior dos EUA?
http://holykaw.alltop.com/the-business-of-higher-education-infographic?tu3=1
Apesar dos poucos alunos (qdo comparados com as nossas IFES) as cifras são bilionárias!
Journal of Economic Perspectives
Vol. 26, No. 3, Summer 2012
The Economics of Spam |
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Article Citation | |
Rao, Justin M., and David H. Reiley. 2012. “The Economics of Spam.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(3): 87–110. | |
DOI:10.1257/jep.26.3.87 | |
Abstract | |
We estimate that American firms and consumers experience costs of almost $20 billion annually due to spam. Our figure is more conservative than the $50 billion figure often cited by other authors, and we also note that the figure would be much higher if it were not for private investment in anti-spam technology by firms, which we detail further on. Based on the work of crafty computer scientists who have infiltrated and monitored spammers’ activity, we estimate that spammers and spam-advertised merchants collect gross worldwide revenues on the order of $200 million per year. Thus, the “externality ratio” of external costs to internal benefits for spam is around 100:1. In this paper, we start by describing the history of the market for spam, highlighting the strategic cat-and-mouse game between spammers and email providers. We discuss how the market structure for spamming has evolved from a diffuse network of independent spammers running their own online stores to a highly specialized industry featuring a well-organized network of merchants, spam distributors (botnets), and spammers (or “advertisers”). We then put the spam market’s externality ratio of 100 into context by comparing it to other activities with negative externalities. Lastly, we evaluate various policy proposals designed to solve the spam problem, cautioning that these proposals may err in assuming away the spammers’ ability to adapt. |
Article Full-Text Access | |
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This is a very interesting article from The Wall Street Journal which points to a new book titled “A Nation of Takers: America´s Entitlement Epidemic“, from Nicholas Eberstadt, due to be published this october (the hint came from Prof. Gregory Mankiw´s blog).
The title of the WSJ article is “Are Entitlements Corrupting US? Yes, American Character Is at Stake“!
Dica do blog De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum do economista Claudio D. Shikida!
The Numbers Game with Russ Roberts: